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Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine
The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, informally known as the Lister Institute, was established as a research institute (the British Institute of Preventive Medicine) in 1891, with bacteriologist Marc Armand Ruffer as its first director, using a grant of £250,000〔(R G Wilson: "Guinness, Edward Cecil, first earl of Iveagh (1847–1927)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, Oct 2006, Accessed 4 Oct 2014 )〕 from Edward Cecil Guinness of the Guinness family.〔 It had premises in Chelsea in London, Sudbury in Suffolk, and Elstree in Hertfordshire,〔Harriette Chick, Margaret Hume, Marjorie MacFarlane, ''War on Disease: a history of the Lister Institute'', Publisher A. Deutsch, 1971, ISBN 0-233-96220-4, ISBN 978-0-233-96220-7, 251 pages. ((page 54 ) and (page 80 ))〕 England. It was the first medical research charity in the United Kingdom. It was renamed the Jenner Institute (after Edward Jenner the pioneer of smallpox vaccine) in 1898 and then, in 1903, as the Lister Institute in honour of the great surgeon and medical pioneer, Dr Joseph Lister. In 1905, the institute became a School of the University of London.
==History==
Until the 1970s the Institute maintained laboratories and conducted research on infectious disease and vaccines. It was funded by manufacturing and selling vaccines.
In the 1970s the institute ran into financial difficulties. From 1971–72 Professor David Gwynne Evans was the director. The institute had continual annual deficits. Evans was unable to avoid closure of the Chelsea Laboratory and there was the need for major expenditure to modernise the Elstree, Hertfordshire, production facilities. Professor Albert Neuberger became involved as chair of the governing body in 1973-74, at which point he became aware of the difficult financial problems.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url = http://jiscmediahub.ac.uk/record/display/012-00002668 )〕 The endowment funds were insufficient to cover their requirements and it failed to get Government support. Neuberger came to the conclusion that within five to six years it would be bankrupt and he persuaded colleagues to dissolve the Institute. He persuaded Westminster Council to change the use of buildings. The Chelsea laboratories were closed in 1975 and Elstree in 1978. The assets were sold, the most valuable being the Chelsea site.
This raised enough money to annually endow a number of Senior Research Fellowships, which is the Institute's legacy. From that point it became a science funding body, and it now awards the Lister Institute Research Prize Fellowships to researchers working on biomedical problems in the United Kingdom. The Institute's assets in 2010 amounted to about £33m.
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